中国西南地区奶牛场饲养管理调研报告

Investigation Report on Management of Dairy Farms in Southwest China

为考察中国西南地区奶牛场饲养管理情况,本次专项调研收集了来自四川、云南、贵州、重庆四个省、直辖市的47家存栏量100头以上的规模化牛场数据,分析了调研牛场的存栏量、年产奶量、牛舍类型和犊牛饲养管理以及其随牛场规模的变化情况。结果得出:(1)1000头以上规模牛场较100~499头规模牛场年平均产奶量高了11.1%。(2)西南地区主要以半开放式牛舍为主,占调研牛场的46.8%,随着牛场牛舍封闭程度的提高(从开放式到封闭式),泌乳牛年产奶量提高10.0%。(3)新生犊牛配置新生犊牛保育舍和专用产犊区、哺乳期犊牛一直单栏饲养或先单栏饲养后大群饲养、断奶缓冲7d再转群的牛场,泌乳牛年平均产奶量高。综上所述,奶牛的产奶量与牛场存栏规模、牛舍类型以及犊牛的饲养管理密切相关。

In order to investigate the feeding management of dairy farms in Southwest China,this special survey collected the data of 47 dairy farms with more than 100 heads in stock from:Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,and Chongqing,and analyzed the stock,the annual milk yield,the type of cowshed,the feeding and management of calves,and their changes with the scale of the dairy farm.The results are as follows:①the average annual milk production of dairy farms with more than 1,000 heads increased by 11.14%compared with those with 100-499 heads.②The southwestern region is dominated by semi-open cattle houses,accounting for 46.8%of the investigated cattle farms,the annual milk yield of lactating cows increased by 10.0%with the improvement of the closed degree of cowshed(from open type to closed type)in dairy farm.③The proportions of dairy farms with nurseries of new-born calves,special calving areas,single pen feeding or single pen to large-scale feeding during suckling period,delayed 7 days calf transfer at weaning were relatively high,corresponding the higher average annual milk yield of these dairy farms.In conclusion,the milk yield of dairy cows is closely related to the scale of dairy farm,cowshed type and the feeding management of calves.