人民法院分案关键因素初探--基于重庆案件分配历史的实证分析

An analysis on key features of assigning law cases--An Empirical Study on Law Case Assignments of Chongqing Courts

案件审理的基本流程为受理、审核、分配、审理和执行。其中,案件的分配是关键的环节,其分配策略蕴含了各基层法院丰富的智慧。这些智慧对优化审理流程、推进审理公平和开发智慧分案系统都有重要意义。但迄今为止,尚无文献系统分析影响法院分案的关键因素。在国家重点研发计划《法院智能化综合管理与决策关键技术研究》支持下,项目组多次赴重庆、陕西等地调研。在调研基础上,分析了老重庆地区十年来七万多条分案的记录。通过分析这些数据,得到了一些有趣的结论。例如,我们发现从案件角度来看,其来源与种类、原告被告类型和涉案人数是重点考虑的因素;从法官角度来看,其专业性是重点考虑因素。

The basic process of case trial includes case acceptance,case review,case assignment,trial and enforcement.Among them,the assignment of cases is one of the critical steps,which contains the rich wisdom of the court officers.These wisdoms are of great significance for optimizing the trial process,advancing the fairness of the trial and developing a smart division system.Howev-er,until now,no empirical study has ever been conducted to analyze the key fac-tors affecting the assignment of cases.With the support of the National Key R&D Program“Research on the Key Technologies of Intelligent Integrated Manage-ment and Decision-making in the Court”,the project team went to Chongqing、Shaanxi for many investigations and analyzed the records of more than 70,000 case assignments in the old Chongqing area over the past decade.By analyzing these data,some conclusions were reported for the first time.For example,our results show that from the perspective of the law cases,their sources and types,the types of plaintiffs and defendants,and the number of people involved are the key considerations;from the perspective of the judges,their expertise is the key consideration.