生物炭与豆浆灌根对植烟土壤与烟叶产质量的影响

Effects of Biochar and Soymilk Root-irrigating on Tobacco-growing Soil and Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco

【目的】探明穴施生物炭与豆浆灌根对植烟土壤及烟叶产质量的影响,为旱作植烟土壤地力保育、缓解连作障碍和改善烟叶质量提供依据。【方法】采用田间试验方法,研究常规施肥(对照)、常规施肥+生物炭、常规施肥+豆浆灌根和常规施肥+生物炭+豆浆灌根对根际土壤微生物群落、土壤理化性状、养分含量、烤烟生理指标和病害防治效果的影响。【结果】常规施肥+生物炭、常规施肥+豆浆灌根和常规施肥+生物炭+豆浆灌根较对照更有利于促进烟株的生长发育及提高植烟土壤微生物群落功能的多样性/数量和烤后烟叶的内在品质;常规施肥+生物炭+豆浆灌根烤烟的株高、茎围及叶片数较对照分别提高8.52%、5.46%和8.33%,土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾含量较对照分别提高8.57%、12.24%、11.57%和15.0%,根腐病和黑胫病发病率较对照分别降低64.71%和58.00%,产量、产值和中上等烟率较对照分别提高6.19%、25.94%和31.60%。【结论】常规施肥+生物炭+豆浆灌根对改善植烟土壤特性、促进烟株生长和提高烟叶产质量的综合效果最好。

【Objective】The effects of hole application of biochar and soymilk root-irrigating on tobacco-growing soil and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco are explored to provide a reference for conserving soil fertility of tobacco-growing in dry areas,alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and improving quality of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】The effects of conventional fertilization(CK),conventional fertilization+biochar,conventional fertilization+soymilk root-irrigating and conventional fertilization+biochar+soymilk root-irrigating on rhizosphere soil microbial community,soil physical-chemical property,nutrient content,physiological index of flue-cured tobacco and control effect of disease are studied by using a field test.【Result】Conventional fertilization+biochar,conventional fertilization+soymilk root-irrigating and conventional fertilization+biochar+soymilk root-irrigating are more beneficial to promote growth and development of tobacco plant,increase diversity/quantity of microbial community function in tobacco-growing soil and improve the intrinsic quality of cured tobacco compared with CK.The plant height,stem girth and leaf number of flue-cured tobacco applied with conventional fertilization+biochar+soymilk root-irrigating increase by 8.52%,5.46%and 8.33%compared with CK.Soil organic matters,total N,available P and available K content increase by 8.57%,12.24%,11.57%and 15.0%respectively compared with CK.The incidence of root rot and black shank decrease by 64.71%and 58.00%compared with CK.The yield,output value and medium-upper tobacco ratio increase by 6.19%,25.94%and 31.60%respectively compared with CK.【Conclusion】Conventional fertilization+biochar+soymilk root-irrigating treatment has the best comprehensive effect on improving tobacco-growing soil properties,promoting growth of tobacco plant and increasing yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.