贵州中部避雨栽培条件下4个甜樱桃品种的果实品质比较

Comparison of Fruit Quality of Four Sweet Cherry Varieties Under Rain-shelter Cultivation in the Middle Area of Guizhou

【目的】探明4个甜樱桃品种避雨栽培条件下的果实品质,为贵州中部避雨栽培甜樱桃品种的选择提供参考。【方法】以萨米脱、布鲁克斯、美早和黑珍珠4个甜樱桃品种为试材,比较分析4个品种避雨栽培条件下的果实品质指标,并采用隶属函数法进行综合比较。【结果】4个甜樱桃的外观色泽、果形及品质方面存在显著差异。外观色泽:黑珍珠L^(*)、a^(*)、b^(*)、C^(*)和h°值最低,显著低于其他品种,萨米脱L^(*)值最高;果形:美早果柄最短最粗,萨米脱果柄最长最细,二者差异显著;布鲁克斯相比其他品种更接近扁圆形。果实品质:黑珍珠单果重最低,美早单果重最高,二者差异显著;可食率在93.74~95.02%,品种间差异不显著;黑珍珠果实硬度显著低于其他品种;可溶性固形物布鲁克斯最高,黑珍珠最低,二者差异显著;黑珍珠糖酸比、总酚含量、类黄酮含量、花青素含量均显著显著高于其他品种。【结论】美早果大、硬度高,布鲁克斯和萨米脱可溶性固形物含量高,黑珍珠果实糖酸比、总酚、类黄酮和花青素含量高,而果实硬度和可滴定酸含量较低;贵州中部避雨栽培条件下,4个甜樱桃品种中布鲁克斯的外观色泽和果实品质均最好。

【Objective】The fruit quality of 4 sweet cherry varieties under rain-shelter cultivation were explored,which provides reference for selecting cherry cultivars under rain-shelter cultivation in the middle area of Guizhou.【Method】Taking“Summit”,“Brooks”,“Tieton”and“Black Pearl”as studied objective,the fruit quality indexes under rain-sheltering were analyzed and compared,and a comprehensive comparison was performed by subordinate function.【Result】The results showed that there were significant quality differences among the 4 sweet cherry cultivars.In terms of color,the L^(*)value,a^(*)value,b^(*)value,C^(*)and h^(*)were the lowest,and were significantly lower than other varieties.The L^(*)value of Summit was the highest.In terms of fruit shape,the stalk of Tieton was the shortest and thickest,while the stalk of Summit was the longest and thinnest.Furthermore,the difference between the two was significant.As for weight,Black Pearl had the lowest single fruit weight,and Tieton had the highest single fruit weight.,and there was a significant difference between the two cultivars.In terms of edible quality,the edible rate of each variety varied from 93.74%to 95.02%,the difference rate was not apparent.The fruit hardness of Black Pearl was significantly lower than that of other varieties.The soluble solids were the highest in Brooks and the lowest in Black Pearl.The difference was significant.The sugar-acid ratio,total phenol content,flavonoid content and anthocyanin content of Black Pearl were significantly higher than other varieties.【Conclusion】Tieton has the characteristics of large fruit size and high hardness,and fruit soluble solids content of Brooks and Summit were higher than the other two varieties.Black Pearl fruit manifests high ratio of sugar to acid,content of total phenols,flavonoids and anthocyanins,as well as low fruit hardness and fruit acid content.The fruit quality of Brooks is the best under the condition of rainproof cultivation.