贵州省红花岗区药用植物资源调查

Investigation of Medicinal Plants Resources in Honghuagang District,Guizhou Province

【目的】摸清贵州省红花岗区药用植物资源种类及利用现状,为当地药用植物资源的保护、开发利用提供科学依据。【方法】以第四次全国中药资源普查技术规范为指导,对贵州省红花岗区40个有效样地,200个样方套药用植物资源及栽培现状进行调查,对药用植物资源构成的特点、中药性能及功效等进行统计分析。【结果】红花岗区药用植物105科256属320种,含豆科和菊科两大优势科;国家Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级保护植物共13种,包括春兰、南方红豆杉及苏铁等4种国家Ⅰ级保护植物,斑叶兰、小舌唇兰及见血青等9种国家Ⅱ级保护植物;生活型以草本为主;入药部位以全草入药种类居多;功效分类中清热药居多;现行版药典收录92种;药食同源药物44种;红花岗区中药材种植面积累计0.153万hm^(2),产量2.53万t,主要涉及金银花、杜仲及黄柏等品种。【结论】红花岗区药用植物资源物种多样性丰富。该研究大致掌握了红花岗区野生、栽培中药资源种类和蕴藏量,可为保护红花岗区中药资源、促进中药产业健康发展、推动中药材经济发展提供参考依据。

【Objective】The species and current utilization status of medicinal plant resources are found out to provide the scientific basis for protection,development and utilization of local medicinal plant resources in Honghuagang District,Guizhou.【Method】The resources and cultivation status of medicinal plants in 200 quadrats from 40 effective sample plots in Honghuagang District are investigated based on the Fourth National General Survey of Chinese Medicine Resources.The composition characteristics,medicinal property and medicinal function of medicinal plant resources are statistically analyzed.【Result】There are 320 species,105 families,256 genera in medicinal plants and two dominant families are Leguminosae and Compositae in Honghuagang District.Cymbidium goeringii,Taxus wallichiana var.mairei,Taxus wallichiana var.Chinensis and Cycas revolute belong to protection plants of National ClassⅠ.Goodyera schlechtendaliana,Platanthera minor,Liparis nervosa,Cephalanthera falcate,Camellia peteloti,Camellia sinensis,Cinnamomum camphora,Cinnamomum japonicum and Magnolia officinalis belong to protection plants of National ClassⅡ.The life form is mainly herbaceous.Most whole herbs are used as medicine.Most medicinal plants have the heat-clearing function.92 species are recorded in the current version of Chinese Pharmacopoeia.44 species belong to homological drug and diet medicines.The accumulated cultivation area and yield of traditional Chinese medicinal materials are 1.530 hm^(2)and 25,300 t in Honghuagang District.The main cultivated medicinal plants are Lonicera japonica,Eucommia ulmoides,Phellodendron chinense and so on.【Conclusion】Honghuagang District is rich in medicinal plants resources with diversity.The species and reserves of wild and cultivated Chinese medicinal resources in Honghuagang District are basically mastered,which can provide a reference for protection of Chinese medicinal resources,health development of traditional Chinese medicine industry and economic development of traditional Chinese medicinal materials in Honghuagang District.