培养独立创新能力的工程学科研究生教育——美国土木与交通工程专业研究生课程设置思考

Postgraduate education of the independence and creativity ability training in engineering subject:Thinking of the postgraduate curriculum of civil and transportation engineering specialty in the United States

工程专业研究生课程是帮助研究生建立完整知识结构、培养研究生独立创新学术能力的基础。基于博士研究生阶段所选研究生课程体系设置案例,结合土木交通工程专业相关留学人员的问卷调研,从专业课设置、跨专业选课制度、课堂教学、课后学习四个方面,分析旨在培养独立和创新能力的美国工程专业研究生课程设置特点。美国工程专业研究生的专业课设置精简全面、难度适中,为研究生独立创新能力的培养提供充足的知识储备。跨专业选课制度,具有学习领域广泛、课程质量高的特点,为研究生进行交叉领域创新提供了更多的机遇。课堂教学内容包含大量专业软件工具的使用,并紧扣行业发展前沿,为培养研究生的创新能力创造各种条件。课后学习包含大量多样化的学习任务,旨在培养研究生独立分析和解决问题的能力,以及有计划的独立完成多样任务的创新能力。

The postgraduate curriculum in engineering specialty is the foundation of the knowledge structure and academic ability training.Based on the doctoral curriculum in the United States and questionnaire research of international students with similar majors,this paper investigates the characteristics of the curriculum of engineering graduate program from four aspects,including curriculum content,curriculum across majors,teaching and studying.The curriculum of engineering graduate programs in the United States is more concise and comprehensive,which is very efficient to help graduate students obtain knowledge in a specific area and is the basis for independent academic ability.The course selection system across different majors has a wide range of learning areas and high quality of courses,and provides more opportunities for creativity in students’future academic study.The teaching involves specific software and tools application,and is close with the most recent advances in both industrial and academic area,which enable the graduate students to get access to academic research.The study includes various tests and requires students to work independently,practicing the students’ability to plan and work independently,which helps students’creativity in academic research.