泡沫铝用于新能源汽车吸能盒的性能分析

Performance Analysis of Energy Absorption Bumper with Aluminum Foam of New Energy Vehicles

保险杠吸能盒的变形特性及吸能效果对新能源汽车的安全保障具有重要意义。压缩试验和测量得到的压力-变形曲线表明,虽然泡沫铝试样和泡沫铝填充吸能盒试样均经历了弹性变形、初始压缩稳定性失效坍塌、连续坍塌和压实的过程。然而,泡沫铝填充吸能盒试样在压缩过程中表现为泡沫铝与吸能盒内壁摩擦力、钢质吸能盒结构、泡沫铝及胞孔内气体相互耦合作用的过程,其塑性变形平台明显高于泡沫铝试样。可见,泡沫铝填充吸能盒结构既具有较宽的应力平台曲线,同时又具有较好的变形刚度性能,可以同时满足新能源汽车保险杠吸能盒应具有的大能量吸收和良好抵抗变形的能力。

The deformation characteristics and energy absorption effect of the energy absorption bumper are of great significance to the safety of new energy vehicles.Compression test and force-deformation curves show that both alumi⁃num foam specimen and aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing specimen have exhibited elastic deformation,ini⁃tial compression stability failure,continuous collapse,and compaction.However,the plastic deformation phases of the aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing specimen is significantly higher than that of the aluminum foam speci⁃men,which is due to the interaction between the fiction of the aluminum foam and the inner wall energy absorption bumper,the structure of the steel energy absorption bumper,the aluminum foam and the gas in the cells.It can be seen that the aluminum foam-filled energy-absorbing bumper not only has a wide stress plateau curve,but also has good deformation rigidity performance,which could simultaneously meet the large energy absorption and good resis⁃tance to deformation for a new energy vehicle bumper.