北京市医养结合型养老机构老年人失能现状与分析

Disability status and analysis of the elderly in medical-nursing integrated pension institutions in Beijing

目的:调查北京市医养结合型养老机构老年人的失能现状并分析其影响因素。方法:采用便利抽样法选取2019年5—8月北京市5家医养结合型养老机构的359名老年人,采用一般资料、老年失能评估量表(EDAS)对纳入人群的失能情况进行测评,并进行单因素和多因素分析。结果:95.3%(342/359)老年人存在失能情况。单因素分析显示,男性、文化程度低、患慢性病数量多、有跌倒史、有吸烟史、有饮酒史、丧偶及公费入住养老院的老年人失能程度更高(P<0.05);多因素分析显示,有跌倒史、患慢性病的数量≥3种和丧偶是失能程度加重的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:本次调查覆盖的北京市医养结合型养老机构老年人失能率较高,失能程度较重,应重点关注男性、文化程度低、有吸烟史、有饮酒史、有跌倒史、老年共病、丧偶、养老院费用承担方式为公费的老年人。

Objective To investigate the disability status of the elderly in medical-nursing integrated pension institutions in Beijing and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Using the convenient sampling method,a total of 359 elderly people from 5 medical-nursing integrated pension institutions in Beijing were selected from May to August 2019.General data and Elderly Disability Assessment Scale(EDAS)were used to evaluate the disability status of the included population,and univariate and multivariate analysis were conducted.Results A total of 95.3%(342/359)of the elderly had disability.The single factor analysis result showed that male,low education level,a large number of chronic diseases,history of fall,history of smoking,history of drinking,widowed and elderly people living in nursing homes at their public expense were more disabled(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that,history of falls,the number of chronic diseases greater than or equal to 3 and widowhood were the influencing factors for aggravated disability(P<0.05).Conclusions In this survey,the rate of disability of the elderly in medical-nursing integrated pension institutions in Beijing is relatively high and the degree of disability is serious.The focus should be on the elderly who are male,with low educational level,smoking history,drinking history,falling history,comorbidities of the aged,the loss of spouse and those who bear the expenses of pension institutions at public expense.