1949年前后河南省首批新区土改试点回望——以平顶山地区宝丰县为例

Review of the First Batch of Land Reform Pilot Projects in the New District in Henan Province Around 1949——Taking Baofeng County as an Example

1949年前后,依据中共中央、中南局关于新区土改的方针政策,河南省新区进行了土改工作。作为河南省首批新区土改试点,宝丰县分两个批次、八个步骤开展工作。两个批次是指土改试点于1949年7月、10月两次进行。八个步骤包括:宣传政策,了解情况;整顿组织,整编队伍;诉苦划阶级,分清敌我;区别对待,分配果实;深入复查,征收富农多余土地财产;健全乡村组织,确立人民民主制度;总结土改,转向生产;发放土地证,确定地权。新区土改试点为全面土改积累了经验,开拓了道路,为当地废除封建土地所有制、解放农村生产力、加快工业化进程,以及后来的社会主义改造创造了有利条件。

Around 1949 land reform was carried out in the new district of Henan province according to the principles and policies of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Central South Bureau on land reform in the new district.As the first batch of land reform pilot projects in Henan Province,land reforms in Baofeng County were carried out twice in July 1949 and in October 1949 and basically follows eight steps.The eight steps are as follows:publicizing policies and learning about the situation,rectifying the organization and reorganizing the team,identifying class by complaint and making a clear distinction between the people and the enemy,treating differently and distributing the fruits,checking the surplus land of the rich and expropriating it,perfecting rural organizations and establishing people's democratic system,carrying out land reform and focusing on production;issuing land certificates to determine land rights.The land reform in the new district abolished the feudal land ownership,liberated rural productivity,accelerated the industrialization process,and created favorable conditions for later socialist transformation.