汉画像西王母图像近三十年研究综述

Review on the Portrait of Heavenly Queen Mother in Han Dynasty in the Past 30 Years

近三十年来有关汉画像西王母的研究成绩是有目共睹的,不仅出版了一批学术著作,而且还发表了大量的学术论文,研究视野愈加开阔。学界相关研究主要体现在如下几个方面:一、根据图像内容、方式进行分类的研究;二、西王母形象与艺术表现形式的流变研究;三、考古辨伪研究;四、附属物研究;五、和其他神话人物的比较研究;六、其他研究。汉画像西王母图像的研究新趋势有以下三个方面:一、西王母图像在汉代的俗化演变过程值得我们进一步关注;二、在西王母俗化过程中,人物肖像有了进一步表现方式,对比同时期的文学叙事还未出现对面部的特写,这启示我们思考汉代图像叙事是否超过同时期的文学叙事;三、如何深入比较文本、图像中的西王母形象之异同还需更多的努力。

In the past 30 years,the achievements on the research of the portrait of Heavenly Queen Mother in Han Dynasty are obvious.Academic works and academic papers have been published,which broadened the research perspectives.Relevant academic researches are mainly reflected in the following aspects:Firstly,there are studies on image classification according to the image contents and painting styles;Secondly,there are studies on the image of Heavenly Queen Mother and the evolution of artistic expression;Thirdly,there are archaeological researches on false discrimination;Fourthly,there are studies on appendages;Fifthly,a comparative study with other mythological figures is also included;Sixth,other related researches.Based on the researches on the portraiture Heavenly Queen Mother in Han Dynasty in the past 30 years,this paper finds that there are three trends concerning its research:First,the evolution of Heavenly Queen Mother's image in the Han Dynasty deserves our further attention;Second,in the process of the vulgarization of Heavenly Queen Mother,the portrait has an improved expression style.Compared with the literary narrative of the same period,there is detailed face description,which enlightens us to think that the image narrative of the Han Dynasty surpasses the literary narrative of the same period.Thirdly,the comparison on the similarities and differences of Heavenly Queen Mother in texts and images needs more efforts.