《直隶汝州全志》中的清代义士形象

The Image of Chivalrous Persons in Qing Dynasty in Zhili Ruzhou Quanzhi

在《直隶汝州全志》中,清代义士之义是地缘之义。首先,义士必须是本地人,农民、士人、职员、工商业者、医者、乡绅、吏员、佣工,只要做义举时没有官职,任何人都有可能成为义士,包括女性。其次,其义举必须义笃乡里,只要行义的对象不是自己的配偶、子女,就是做义举。清代义士的形象发生了重大变化,并在地方社会逐渐由边缘走向主流。

In Zhili Ruzhou Quanzhi,chivalrous persons were essentially of geographical ties in Qing Dynasty.Firstly,chivalrous persons must be natives,including farmers,scholars,clerks,businessmen,doctors,squires,government employees and servants.Anyone without an official position,including women,could become a chivalrous person as long as he/she did a chivalrous deed.Secondly,their chivalrous deeds must benefit people of their hometown except their own spouse or children.The image of chivalrous persons in Qing Dynasty had changed dramatically,and it gradually moved from the marginal position to the mainstream in the local society.