出生城市、人力资本积累与收入水平

Birthplace,Human Capital Accumulation and Income Level

户籍制度使得劳动力在空间上难以完全自由的流动。随着户籍制度改革的开展,劳动力在空间上流动变得容易,但其子女难以跟随父母流动并享受流入地城市的教育公共服务。因此,出生时户籍所在城市将对个体产生重要影响,尤其是对个体人力资本积累和收入水平的影响。通过研究个体出生时户籍所在地的城市规模对其收入水平的影响,并探讨其内在的传导机制,研究发现:个体出生户籍所在地城市规模每扩大1%,其收入水平将提升0.149%。中介效应检验表明,人力资本积累是重要的影响渠道,具体而言,出生时户籍所在的城市规模会显著增加个体受教育年限,改善个体健康状况,进而影响收入水平。异质性分析发现,出生城市对于农村个体、低收入个体影响更大;同时,个体流动可以显著削弱个体出生城市规模对其收入水平的影响。这一研究有利于推动劳动力要素自由流动和公共服务均等化。

The household registration system makes it difficult for labor force to move completely freely in space.With the reform of the household registration system,it has become easier for labor to move spatially,but it is difficult for their children to enjoy public education services in the city where they move in with their parents.Therefore,the city of domicile at birth will have an important impact on individuals,especially in terms of human capital accumulation and income levels.This paper examines the impact of the size of the city in which an individual was registered at birth on his or her income level,and explores the underlying transmission mechanisms.The study finds that a 1%increase in the size of the city in which an individual was born is associated with a significant increase of 0.149%in the income level.The intermediate effects test indicates that human capital accumulation is an important channel of influence.Specifically,the size of the city of domicile at birth significantly increases the number of years of schooling and improves health status of individuals,which in turn affects income levels.The heterogeneity analysis reveals that the city of birth has a greater impact on rural individuals and low-income individuals.At the same time,individual mobility significantly weakens the effect of city size of individual’s birth on their income level.The research contributes to the promotion of the free movement of labor factors and the equalization of public services.