促进还是抑制:土地流转与农户家庭非农创业

Promoting or Suppressing:Land Transfer and Non-agricultural Entrepreneurship of Households

基于2018年中国家庭追踪调查数据,将土地流转分为土地转出与土地转入两个维度,实证分析土地流转与农户家庭非农创业的关系。研究发现:第一,土地转出对农户家庭非农创业具有促进效应,而土地转入对农户家庭非农创业具有抑制效应;采用土地转出金额与土地转入金额进行稳健性检验,发现土地转出金额越多,农户家庭非农创业的可能性越大,但土地转入金额越多,农户家庭非农创业的可能性越低;同时采用倾向值匹配解决样本选择偏差与工具变量法解决内生性后,土地转出的促进效应与土地转入的抑制效应依然存在。第二,影响机制结果显示,土地转出会提高农户家庭的收入与减少农业劳动时间而促进农户家庭非农创业;土地转入会降低农户家庭风险偏好与增加农业劳动时间而抑制农户家庭非农创业。第三,异质性结果显示,土地转出的促进效应主要发生在东部地区与新生代农户群体中;而土地转入的抑制效应主要发生在西部地区及第一代农户群体中。因此,鼓励农户积极参与土地流转,促进农户家庭非农创业,提高农户家庭非农创业与实践乡村振兴发展战略。

Based on China’s family tracking survey data in 2018,this study divides land transfer into two dimensions:land transfer out and land transfer in,and empirically analyzes relationship between land transfer and rural household entrepreneurship.The findings are as follows.First,land transfer has a promoting effect on rural residents’family entrepreneurship,while land transfer has a restraining effect on rural residents.The conservatism test conducted by using the amount of leased land and the amount of leased land expenditure indicates that the more the amount of leased land,the greater the possibility of rural residents’families starting a business.But the more the amount of leased land expenditure,the greater the possibility of rural residents’families starting a business.At the same time,facilitation and inhibition effects of land transfer and land transfer still exist after using the bias of sample selection and instrumental variable method to solve endogeneity.Second,the results of the influence mechanism show that land leasing can increase the income of rural households and reduce agricultural labor time and promote family entrepreneurship.Land renting will reduce the risk preference of rural households and increase the time of agricultural labor while inhibiting family entrepreneurship.Third,the results of heterogeneity show that the promotion effect of land leasing is mainly in the eastern region and the new generation of migrant workers.The restraining effect of land renting is mainly in the western region and the first generation of migrant workers.Therefore,farmers are encouraged to actively participate in land transfer,promote rural household entrepreneurship,improve rural household entrepreneurship,and practice rural revitalization development strategy.