骗取捐助行为的刑事可罚性分析

Research on the Criminal Penalties for Defrauding Donations

分析诈骗罪与强迫交易罪的关系可以发现,通过强迫手段侵害财产处分自由的强迫交易罪在我国刑法中被归入破坏社会主义市场经济秩序罪,且量刑远低于诈骗罪,因而诈骗罪不可能处罚通过欺骗这一平和手段侵害财产处分自由的行为,内涵于财产处分自由之中的实现财产处分目的不是诈骗罪的保护法益。基于此,虽然骗取捐助行为中被害人没有实现捐助目的,但由于其并没有对捐助行为的经济回报产生错误认识,因此不存在财产损失;同理,行为人的欺骗行为不构成诈骗罪中的欺骗行为,被害人所遭受的“损失”也不能归责于行为人。再考虑到骗取捐助行为的社会危害性与诈骗罪和相关罪名的刑罚不匹配,因而骗取捐助行为不成立诈骗罪。但骗捐行为可由其他罪名规制,且有必要设立“骗取捐助罪”专门打击骗捐行为。

Analyzing the relationship between the crime of frauding and the crime of forced trading,we can find that the crime of forced trading which infringes on the freedom of property disposal through coercive means is classified as a crime of undermining the socialist market economic order in China’s criminal law,and the sentencing is much lower than the crime of fraud.Therefore,it is not possible for the crime of fraud to cover the punishment of the infringing acts on the freedom of property disposal through deception as a peaceful means,and the realization of the purpose of property disposal contained in the freedom of property disposal is not the legal benefit protected by the crime of fraud.Based on this analysis,although the victim in the donation fraud did not achieve the purpose of donation,there is,however,no property loss because he did not have a misunderstanding of the financial return of the donation;similarly,the deception of the criminal does not constitute the deception in the crime of fraud,and the"loss"suffered by the victim cannot be attributed to the perpetrator.Considering that the social harm of donation fraud does not match the penalty of fraud and related crimes,donation fraud is not a crime of fraud.However,donation fraud can be regulated by other crimes,and it is necessary to establish a"crime of fraudulently obtaining donations"to specifically combat donation fraud.