4Niederhuber JE, Ensminger W, Gyves JW, et al. Totally implanted venous and arterial access system to replace external catheters in cancer treatment[J]. Surgery, 1982, 92: 706-712.
5Kreis H, Loehberg CR, Lux MP, et al. Patients' attitudes to totally implantable venous access port systems for gynecological or breast malignancies[J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2007, 33: 39-43.
6Ignatov A, Hoffman O, Smith B, et al. An 11-year retrospective study of totally implanted central venous access ports: com- plications and patient satisfaction [J]. Eur J Surg Oncol, 2009, 35:241-246.
7Ruesch S, Walder B, Tramer MR. Complications of central venous catheters: internal jugular versus subclavian access: a systematic review[J]. Crit Care Med, 2002, 30: 454-460.
8Lorente L, Henry C, Martin MM, et al. Central venous catheter- related infection in a prospective and observational study of 2,595 catheters[J]. Crit Care, 2005, 9: R631-R635.
9American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Central Venous Access, Rupp SM, Apfelbaum JL, et al. Practice guidelines for central venous access: a report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Central Venous Access [ J]. Anesthesiology, 2012, 116: 559-573.
10Biffi R, Orsi F, Pozzi S, et al. Best choice of central venous insertion site for the prevention of catheter-related complications in adult patients who need cancer therapy: a randomized trial[J]. Ann Oncol, 2009, 20: 935-940.