民法典视域下自然资源资产产权制度理论分析

Theoretical Analysis on the Property Right System of Natural Resources Assets from the Perspective of Chinese Civil Code

建立完善产权制度、实行自然资源资产化管理,是新时期自然资源管理法治化改革的基本要求和具体体现。文章以《民法典》颁布后产权制度变革为契机,结合自然资源管理体制改革和自然资源部组建后面临的新任务,逐层剖析自然资源与传统产权标的的异同,明晰自然资源的性质特点与分类,厘清资源与资产之间及相关产权之间的关系,提出界定自然资源产权、科学规范相关经济法律关系,强调自然资源资产产权所具有的公权与私权双重性以及适用部门行政法与《民法典》的相关规定。文章提出建立完善自然资源资产产权制度的思路:(1)明确自然资源产权主体与赋权方式;(2)坚持物权法定,将自然资源产权及相关权利纳入物权体系;(3)科学设定自然资源有偿使用制度;(4)产权设置目标方式体现公权与私权双重性;(5)实施差别化自然资源产权管理制度;(6)促进产权依法自由流转,推行资产化、资本化管理;(7)发挥综合管理优势,协同做好产权管理与资源开发利用监管工作。

Establishing and perfecting the property right system and implementing the asset-based management of natural resources are the basic requirements and concrete manifestations of the reform of legalization of natural resources management in the new era.We are taking the reform of property rights system after the promulgation of the Civil Code as an opportunity,combining the reform of the natural resources management system and the new tasks after the establishment of the Ministry of Natural Resources,and analyzing the similarities and differences between natural resources and traditional property rights subjects layer by layer,clarifying the characteristics and classification of natural resources,clarifying the relationship between resources and assets and related property rights,proposing to define the property rights of natural resources and scientifically regulate the relevant economic and legal relations,emphasizing the dual nature of public and private ownership of property rights in natural resources assets and the application of the applicable provisions of the sectoral administrative law and the Civil Code.The article proposes the idea of establishing and perfecting the property rights system of natural resources assets:(1)clarifying the subject and empowerment of natural resources property rights;(2)insisting on the law of real right,integrating the property rights of natural resources and related rights into the system of real right;(3)scientific setting of paid use system of natural resources;(4)reflecting the duality of public and private rights in the way of setting the target of property rights;(5)implementing a differentiated natural resource of property rights management system;(6)promoting the free flow of property rights under the law and implementing asset-based and capital-based management;(7)playing the advantages of comprehensive management,and coordinating to do an excellent job in property rights management and resource development and utilization supervision.