充分考虑气象影响的湖北省风电场生态修复难易程度综合区划研究

Comprehensive regionalization study on the difficulty in ecological restoration of wind power plants in Hubei province with full consideration of meteorological effects

在充分考虑气象影响的基础上对湖北省风电场的生态修复难易程度进行了综合区划,为不同区域风电场采取适合当地的不同生态修复措施提供理论依据。选取了影响风电场生态修复的气象、土壤、植被、地理信息、风能资源5大类要素12个指标因子,并通过不同的拟合模型对相关指标因子进行建模。利用89个国家级气象观测站及2005个自动观测站2016—2018年观测资料,分区域建立气象要素模型,得到了年降雨量、夏季降雨量、年平均最低气温等指标的分布。利用月降水量,建立了简化的土壤降雨侵蚀力模型,得到了土壤降雨侵蚀力指标,利用土地覆盖分类数据,得到土地利用类型指标。利用卫星遥感数据,得到归一化植被指数(NDVI)指标。通过陆地风能资源高分辨率(1 km)评估(30年平均)数据集,得到70 m高度风速、70 m高度风功率密度2个指标。在此基础上,基于气象影响在风电场生态修复过程中占主导的思想,对各指标因子赋予不同的权重影响系数,通过加权综合评分的方法得到了湖北省风电场生态修复综合区划等级,即易恢复区、较易恢复区、较难恢复区、难恢复区。易恢复区主要分布在江汉平原大部,襄阳中部的岗地平原,鄂东的浠水、蕲春、团风等地;较易恢复区主要分布在鄂东南、鄂西北部分丘陵地区;较难恢复区主要分布在鄂东北的大别山区、鄂东南幕府山区、鄂北桐柏山区、大洪山、恩施大部区域等中低山区;难恢复区分布在湖北省部分中高山地区。

The comprehensive zoning of ecological restoration difficulty of wind farms in Hubei province was carried out on the basis of full consideration of meteorological effects,which provided theoretical basis for wind farms in different regions to take different ecologi⁃cal restoration measures.12 index factors of five categories were selected,including meteorology,soil,vegetation,geographic infor⁃mation and wind energy resources,which affected the ecological restoration of wind farms in Hubei province.The meteorological factor model was established in different regions by using the observation data of 89 national meteorological observation stations and 2005 au⁃tomatic observation stations from 2016 to 2018,and the distribution of annual rainfall,summer rainfall,annual mean minimum tem⁃perature and other indicators were obtained.A simplified soil rainfall erosivity model was established by using monthly precipitation,and the soil rainfall erosivity index was obtained.The land use type index was obtained by using land cover classification data.The nor⁃malized vegetation index(NDVI)was obtained by using satellite remote sensing data.Through the high-resolution(1 km)assessment(30-year average)data set of land wind energy resources,the wind speed at 70 m height and the wind power density at 70 m height were obtained.On this basis,based on the idea that meteorological impact played a dominant role in the ecological restoration process of wind farms,different weight influence coefficients were given to each index factor.Through the weighted comprehensive score meth⁃od,the comprehensive regionalization grades of wind farm ecological restoration were obtained,which were easy recovered areas,easi⁃er recovered areas,difficult recovered areas and more difficult recovered areas.The easy recovered areas were mainly distributed in Ji⁃anghan plain,hilly plain in the middle of Xiangyang,Xishui,Qichun and Tuanfeng in east of Hubei province;The easier recovered areas were mainly distributed in the hilly areas of southeast and northwest Hubei;The difficult recovered areas were mainly distributed in the Dabie mountain area in the northeast of Hubei province,the Mufu mountain area in the southeast of Hubei province,the Tong⁃bai mountain area in the north of Hubei province,the Dahong mountain area,and most area of Enshi.The more difficult recovered areas were distributed in some middle and high mountain areas of Hubei province.