从自防、协防到联防:安哥拉中国新移民的社会安全空间营造

From Self-defense,Co-defense to Joint-defense:Chinese New Migrants’Construction of Societal Security Space in Angola

论文以中国新移民在非洲的重要聚居国且社会安全问题突出的安哥拉为例,通过深度访谈、参与观察、跟踪调查等方法,研究探讨了中国新移民的群体特征及社会安全风险来源、中国新移民的社会安全空间营造历程、中国新移民的社会安全空间营造格局及其形成机制。研究发现,2012年之前,安全风险多来自华人族裔内部,此后主要面临当地人的暴力犯罪威胁。中国新移民通过自下而上的自组织社会安全空间营造,形成以在区隔中联结的“自防空间”为核心的差序社会安全空间格局,外部安全风险、当地侨领和中国驻安使馆共同促使这一格局得以形成。安哥拉中国新移民的社会安全空间营造实践对生活在其他安全问题突出国家的华侨华人具有积极借鉴意义。

Angola has become an important country for new Chinese migrants settling in Africa,where they are usually under threat of high security risks.Drawing data from field investigation and in-depth interviews,this Angola-based study finds that security risks mostly originated from the Chinese migrant community itself prior to 2012,but since then violent crimes from local people surged and prevailed.Through constructing a bottom-up societal security space,new Chinese migrants themselves have built up a system,in which individual entities of“self-defense space”may perform as cores being physically separated from one and another other,but they are socially and business-wise interconnected.External security risks,local Chinese community leaders and the Chinese embassy in Angola have jointly contributed to the formation of this system.The case of Angola may be regarded a very valuable reference for new Chinese migrant communities in other countries where societal security is a major issue.