妊娠期糖尿病患者基因DNA甲基化的研究进展

Research progress of DNA methylation in gestational diabetes mellitus

妊娠期糖尿病是指患者妊娠前糖代谢正常、妊娠期出现的糖耐量异常,表现为机体脂肪、肌肉等组织对胰岛素的敏感性降低,血糖水平异常,严重影响母体及子代健康。妊娠期糖尿病患者在产后及其子代罹患2型糖尿病及其他代谢性疾病的风险明显增加。研究发现,表观遗传修饰如DNA甲基化参与妊娠期糖尿病的发生及母胎并发症的发生过程。在妊娠期糖尿病患者多种临床标本如胎盘、脐血、外周血与脂肪等组织中,发现多个基因的甲基化水平改变,并可通过“胎儿编程”的方式影响子代终生。该文对妊娠期糖尿病相关基因的DNA甲基化研究进展进行综述。

Gestational diabetes mellitus refers to patients with normal glucose metabolism before pregnancy and getting abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy.It is characterized by decreased insulin sensitivity of adipose and muscle tissues and abnormal blood glucose levels in the body.This disease can seriously affect the maternal and fetal health,and the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases in the postpartum period and the offsprings significantly increased.It has been found that epigenetic modifications such as DNA methylation can be involved in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus and the occurrence of maternal and fetal complications.The differences in gene methylation levels appear in the various clinical specimens of patients with gestational diabetes mellitus,such as placentas,umbilical cord blood,peripheral blood and adipose tissues.It can also affect all the lives of the offsprings through“fetal programming”.In this paper,the research progress of DNA methylation in gestational diabetes mellitus is reviewed.