韶关市小学生身体素质发展的影响机制研究

Study on the Influencing Mechanism of the Development of Pupils'Physical Fitness

根据小学生的年龄特点,在身体素质发展敏感期的基础上,结合德国和美国同年龄段体适能测试的方法,确定身体素质测试项目,探讨小学3~6年级学生的主观运动参与、身体自尊和体成分对身体素质的影响。方法在问卷调查法、特尔菲法和现场测试的基础上,运用结构方程模型探寻变量间的路径关系。结果男生的体指数(BMI)明显高于女生(t=4.07,P<0.001),三、四年级学生的主观运动参与意愿要明显好于五、六年级(F=5.73,P<0.001);偏瘦学生的身体素质要明显好于其它等级的学生(P<0.05),而正常体重学生的身体素质又明显好于肥胖学生(P<0.05);假设理论模型成立。结论身体自尊是主观运动参与影响BMI和身体素质的中介变量,而BMI是主观运动参与影响身体素质的另一中介变量。

Objective According to the age characteristics of primary school students,on the basis of the sensitive period of physical quality development,and combining the methods of physical fitness test for the same age group in Germany and the United States,this study determines the items of physical quality test,to explore the effects of subjective exercise participation,body self-esteem and body composition on physical quality of primary school students from Grade 3 to Grade 6.Methods Based on questionnaire survey,delphi method and field test,the structural equation model was used to explore the path relationship among variables.Results The results showed that the BMI of male students was significantly higher than that of female students(t 4.07,p<0.001),and the subjective exercise participation of the third and fourth grade students was significantly better than that of the fifth and Sixth Grade Students(F 5.73,p<0.001);The body quality of underweight students was significantly better than that of other students(p<0.05),and that of normal weight students was significantly better than that of obese students(p<0.05);Assuming the theoretical model holds.Conclusion Body self-esteem is the mediator of subjective exercise participation in influencing BMI and physical fitness,and BMI is another mediator of subjective exercise participation in influencing physical fitness.