冬种油肥3号对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Planting Youfei No.3 in Winter on Rice Yield and Soil Fertility

以绿肥用油菜新品种油肥3号为材料,研究不同翻压时期对优质稻产量及土壤肥力的影响,结果表明:翻压绿肥油菜能提高土壤pH值,缓解土壤酸化问题;能增加稻田土壤的总孔隙度,减少容重,改善土壤物理性状;提高土壤全氮和碱解氮含量,但各处理间差异不大,有效磷含量增加不明显;土壤有机质含量的有效提高,可增加水稻的产量,翻压时期以成熟期翻压效果最好,成熟期植株干物质量为562.4 kg/667m^(2),土壤有机质含量较冬闲增加16.35%,水稻产量增加10.59%。总而言之,油肥3号开花后生物量增加较快,至成熟期生物量积累至最大,对后季作物的增产作用最为显著,如无特殊的茬口安排,推荐在成熟期翻压。

A new rape variety Youfei No.3 as green manure was used for the effects of different ploughing periods on the yield of high quality rice and soil fertility.The results showed that ploughing green manure rape could improve soil pH and alleviate soil acidification;it could increase the total porosity of paddy soil,reduce bulk density and improve soil physical properties.The contents of total nitrogen and alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen increased,but there was little difference among treatments,and the increase of available phosphorus content was not obvious.The effective improvement of soil organic matter content could increase the yield of rice.The effect of ploughing at maturity stage was the best;the dry matter content of plants at maturity stage was 8436 kg/hm^(2),the soil organic matter content increased by 16.35%compared with that of winter fallow,and the yield of rice increased by 10.59%.In a word,the biomass of Youfei No.3 increases rapidly after flowering and accumulates to the maximum in the mature stage,which has the most significant effect on the yield increase of sucession crops.If there is no special arrangement in crop rotation,it is recommended to plough in the mature stage.