减氮施肥对烟叶品质及土壤肥力的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Reduction Fertilization on Tobacco Quality and Soil Fertility

采用田间试验结合数学统计的方法,研究金沙江干热谷烟区不同氮肥施用对烤烟品质及土壤养分的影响。结果表明:T3(纯氮4.85 kg/667m^(2))和T4(纯氮5.45 kg/667m^(2))处理对中部叶、下部叶烟叶化学成分合成有利;T2(纯氮4.25 kg/667m^(2))和T3(纯氮4.85 kg/667m^(2))处理对上部烟叶化学成分合成有利。T1(纯氮3.65 kg/667m^(2))处理烟叶的氯含量最适宜。在烟草生长团棵期、旺长期、成熟期及采烤结束,T3处理植烟土壤养分储存最好,除了T5(纯氮6.05 kg/667m^(2))处理外,其余处理土壤pH值均适宜烟叶生长。因此,减氮施肥对提高初烤烟叶化学成分及植烟土壤肥力有利,有利于实现烟叶生产可持续发展。

Field experiments combined with mathematical statistics were used to study the effects of different nitrogen fertilizer applications on flue-cured tobacco quality and soil nutrients in the tobacco-growing area of the dry-hot valley of Jinsha River.Results showed that T3 treatment(pure nitrogen 72.75 kg/hm^(2))and T4 treatment(pure nitrogen 81.75 kg/hm^(2))were beneficial to the chemical composition synthesis of the middle and lower tobacco leaves;T2 treatment(pure nitrogen 63.75 kg/hm^(2))and T3 treatment(pure nitrogen 72.75 kg/hm^(2))were beneficial to the chemical composition synthesis of the upper tobacco leaves.T1 treatment(pure nitrogen 54.75 kg/hm^(2))had the most suitable chlorine content in tobacco.During the resettling growth period,vigorous growth period,maturity period,and baking end,T3 treatment was the best for soil nutrient storage in tobacco planting.Soil pH values of other treatments were suitable for tobacco growth excluding T5 treatment(pure nitrogen 90.75 kg/hm^(2)).Therefore,reducing nitrogen fertilization is beneficial to improving the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco and soil fertility,which is better for the sustainable development of tobacco production.