论王船山的人禽之辨何以可能——以两世界与三进路为中心

On Debate between People and Poultry of Wang Chuanshan--Taking two worlds and three-way roads as the center

人禽之辨是中国哲学所关注的重要问题之一,为历代哲学家所青睐。船山接续了历代哲学家关于人禽之辨的基本理路,并以两个世界和三重进路为视角,对人禽差异予以分辨。总体而言,船山关于人禽之辨存在着两个世界视域下的区分,即形而上本体世界与生活世界两个层面的差分;船山人禽之辨亦可以根据三重逻辑进路进行分辨,具体彰显为:从形而上层面予以审视人禽之辨,“别”在气之层级上,“别”在人因气而成的时位上;从心性论的角度而言,人禽之“别”在道德情感上;就生活世界而言,人禽之“别”在形色冠衣、章服之美、形气之正、形色之正上。船山人禽之辨以两个世界与三重进路为方法,最大限度地实现了人禽之“别”的可区分性,并为人伦道德的提升提供方法论上的指导。

The distinction between human and poultry is one of the important issues of Chinese philosophy,favored by philosophers of all generations.Wang Chuanshan follows the basic rational way of the philosopher’s argument about human and poultry,and distin⁃guishes the differences between human and poultry from the perspective of two worlds and triple way entry.On the whole,there is a dis⁃tinction between the two world perspective in the argument of human and poultry,that is,the difference between the physical ontology world and the living world.Chuanshan thought that people and birds can also be distinguished according to the triple logic into the road,specifically manifested as:from the metaphysical level to examine the human and poultry identification,“don’t”in the level of gas,“don’t”in the popularity of the time position and from the point of view of the theory of heart,the“other”of human and poultry is in moral emotion.As far as the living world is concerned,the distinction between human and poultry“don’t”in all kinds of crown clothes,the beauty of the uniform,the positive shape,the positive in all kinds.The identification of Chuanshan’s method realized the distinguish ability of human and poultry to the maximum extent,and provides methodological guidance for the promotion of human morality.