王船山诗学中的文体要求探析

On Stylistic Requirements of Wang Chuanshan Poetics

王船山对文体要求十分严格,认为诗不同于训诂之学,也不同于《书》《礼》《易》《乐》《春秋》等其他经书,特别强调“诗”与“史”更是两种完全不同的文体,它们有着不同的功用和表达要求,不能混而并用,进而将“诗”与“非诗”进行了严格区分。在诗歌体裁中,王船山认为古体诗更为经典,将其奉为圭臬,并崇尚汉魏、六朝的审美精神。他认为诗歌在内容上要表现真情实感,在表达方式上需温柔敦厚、蕴藉、中和、含蓄,反对诗法。这也是王船山在诗歌内容和抒情方式上的追求,与他整体的诗学观念相统一。

Wang Chuanshan was very strict about the style of writing.He believed that poetry was different from Shu Li Yi Chunqiu,they have different functions and expression requirements,and cannot be used together,thus making a strict distinction between“poetry”and“non-poetry”.In the genre of poetry,Wang Chuanshan believed that classical poetry was more classical and regarded it as the norm,advocating the aesthetic spirit of the Han,Wei and Six Dynasties.He thought that poetry should show true feelings in content,and should be gentle,sincere,subtle,neutral and reserved in expression,and oppose poetry.This is also the pursuit of Wang Chuan⁃shan in the content and expression of its poetry,which is in harmony with Wang Chuanshan’s overall poetics.