论大数据侦查中个人信息权的保护

On Protection of Personal Information Rights in Big Data Investigation

由于大数据技术的大搜索、大处理、大分享的特点,以及侦查活动的主动性和公法性,大数据侦查对个人信息权有天然的威胁。大数据侦查与个人信息权的冲突主要来源于两者公法与私法属性的冲突、个人信息权证据属性和人格属性的冲突、侦查隐秘性和个人信息保护透明化的冲突。造成这些冲突的原因主要是大数据侦查主体的缺失、侦查人员整体素质尚未与侦查技术相匹配,以及公民对个人信息缺乏处分权。从立法层面看,有必要完善大数据侦查的相关概念,明确大数据侦查的履职主体和责任主体,建立相应审查机制。从修法层面看,应当更强调公民对个人信息的处分权,完善非法证据排除规则,推进大数据侦查合法性保障机制的建立与完善。

Due to the characteristics of big data technology such as big search,big processing and big sharing,as well as the initiative and public law nature of investigation activities,big data investigation has a natural threat to the right of personal information.The con⁃flict between big data investigation and personal information right mainly comes from the natural conflict between public law and pri⁃vate law,the conflict between its evidential attribute and its usage attribute,and the conflict between its secrecy and openness.The main reasons for these conflicts are the lack of big data investigation subject,the overall quality of investigators has not yet matched with the investigation technology,and the lack of right to dispose of personal information.From the perspective of legislation,it is neces⁃sary to improve the relevant concepts of big data investigation,clarify the duty performing and responsibility subjects of big data investi⁃gation,and establish the corresponding review mechanism.From the perspective of amending the law,we should pay more attention to citizens'right to dispose of personal information,improve the exclusionary rules of illegal evidence,and promote the legitimacy guaran⁃tee mechanism of big data investigation.