生物基异己糖醇聚酯的制备及其构效关系研究进展

Progress in preparation and structure-property relationship of bio-based polyesters of isohexides

异己糖醇是一类碳水化合物衍生二元醇,具有高刚性、手性、亲水性和低毒等特性,在制备新型生物基、生物可降解高分子材料方面具有广阔的发展前景。围绕近年来研究较为充分的全脂肪型及半芳香型异己糖醇基均聚酯与共聚酯,综述了其合成、热学性能、力学性能、生物降解性能及潜在应用,探讨此类聚酯的高效聚合反应工艺及构效关系。异己糖醇结构单元的引入可有效提高聚合物的玻璃化转变温度,以及促进其水解和生物降解性能,在构建具有更高性能的环境友好型聚酯方面具有较高潜力,有望应用于工程塑料、纤维、生物医药等领域。此类生物基聚酯的大规模商业化需进一步开发更高效、温和的聚合反应工艺以攻克其热敏感和热降解问题。

As a family of diols derived from carbohydrates,isohexides are promising building blocks for preparation of new bio-based and biodegradable polymers due to their attractive properties including high rigidity,chirality,hydrophilicity and low toxicity.In this review,a few types of isohexide-based aliphatic and semi-aromatic homo-and co-polyesters extensively studied in recent years were systematically discussed in terms of their synthesis,thermal properties,physical properties,biodegradability and potential applications.Furthermore,the polymerization process for higher efficiency and the structure-property relationship of these polyesters were also examined.It can be concluded that the introduction of isohexides building blocks effectively increases the glass transition temperature of polymers and promote the ability of hydrolysis and biodegradation,thus offering great potential in the construction of environmentally friendly polyesters which are expected to be used in engineering plastics,fibers,biomedical fields,and so on.It is pointed out that the large-scale commercialization of such bio-based polyesters requires further development of more efficient and mild polymerization process to overcome the problems in heat sensitivity and thermal degradation.