卧式青核桃脱皮机的设计与性能分析

Design and Performance Analysis of Horizontal Green Walnut Peeling Machine

为解决青核桃能够连续批量化脱皮加工,设计一种卧式青核桃脱皮机。根据卧式青核桃脱皮机的结构和工作原理,设计间隙调节机构和角度调节机构,并对脱皮通道中的青核桃进行受力分析,确定影响机具性能的主要因素为脱皮通道间隙、喂入量和主轴转速。选用“新新2”青核桃为试材,采用正交试验分析法进行试验,分析不同参数条件下对青皮脱净率和核桃破损果率的影响,得出各因素的影响主次顺序:脱皮通道间隙>主轴转速>喂入量。综合考虑影响脱皮效果的各项指标,选择最优水平组合,获取机具的最佳工作参数和条件,结果表明:脱皮通道间隙对青皮脱净率影响显著(P<0.05),而喂入量和主轴转速对青皮脱净率影响不显著;脱皮通道间隙和主轴转速对核桃破损果率影响显著(P<0.05),而喂入量对核桃破损果率影响不显著。当喂入量为2000 kg·h-1,主轴转速为30 r·min-1,脱皮通道间隙35 mm,脱皮角度为2°时,青皮脱净率为92.42%,核桃破损果率为5.48%。通过卧式青核桃脱皮机的设计试验,实现青核桃连续批量化加工,为核桃采后初加工产业化提供了依据。

In the present study,a horizontal peeling machine for green walnut was designed aiming to solve the problem of continuous batch peeling of green walnuts.According to the structure and working principle of horizontal green walnut peeling machine,the clearance adjustment mechanism and angle adjustment mechanism were designed,and the stress of walnuts in the peeling channel was analyzed,then the main factors affecting the machine performance including peeling channel clearance,feeding amount and spindle speed were determined.The‘new 2’green walnuts were select as materials,and the effects of different parameters on green husk peeling rates and walnut damaged fruit rates were analyzed using orthogonal experiments,and results showed that the primary and secondary order of the influence was determined as follows:peeling channel clearance>spindle speed>feeding amount.The optimal horizontal combination was selected to obtain the best working parameters and conditions of the machine after comprehensive consideration of indicators affecting the peeling effects.The results showed that the peeling channel clearance presented significant effects on the peeling rates(P<0.05),while the feeding amounts and spindle speeds had no significant effect.Peeling channel clearance and spindle speeds displayed significant influence on the walnut damaged fruit rates(P<0.05),while feeding amounts showed no significant effects.When feeding capacity was 2000 kg/h,spindle speed was 30 r/min,peeling channel clearance was 35 mm,peeling angle was 2°,the peeling rate of green husk was 92.42%,walnut damaged fruit rate was 5.48%.The continuous batch processing of green walnuts was realized through the design and test of the horizontal walnut green peeling machine,which provided a basis for the industrialization of the primary processing of postharvest walnuts.