生鲜农产品冷链储运技术装备发展研究

Technology and Equipment for Cold-Chain Storage and Transportation of Fresh Agricultural Products

冷链储运技术装备是维持生鲜农产品品质并提高流通效率的重要途径,对于保障食品安全、提高农业收入具有重要意义。本文在分析我国冷链储运技术装备需求的基础上,梳理了我国冷链储运技术装备的发展现状,总结了我国生鲜农产品冷链储运技术装备相比于发达国家存在的差距与问题;基于德尔菲法与实地调研,研判了我国生鲜农产品冷链储运技术装备发展的关键技术、重点任务、重大工程。针对我国生鲜农产品冷链储运技术装备存在的产地专业化预冷设施匮乏、冷藏运输装备匮乏、速冻技术装备落后、关键技术研发滞后、冷冻冷藏设施建设不规范、冷链基础设施建设不足等问题,提出了发展规划“三步走”技术路线,以期我国生鲜农产品冷链储运技术装备到2025年能够初步实现高效化与标准化,到2035年能够实现信息化与智能化,到2050年能够实现智慧化与无人化。

Technology and equipment for cold-chain storage and transportation is critical for maintaining the quality and improving the circulation efficiency of fresh agricultural products and strategically important for ensuring food safety and increasing agricultural income.In this article,we analyze the demand for cold-chain storage and transportation technology and equipment in China,summarize the current status,and present the gaps between China and developed countries in this regard.Moreover,we clarify the key technologies,key tasks,and major projects for the development of cold-chain storage and transportation technology and equipment for fresh agricultural products using the Delphi method and field research.The major problems faced by technology and equipment include lack of specialized pre-cooling facilities in places of production,lack of refrigerated transportation equipment,backward quick-freezing technology and equipment,lagging research and development of key technologies,non-standardized construction of refrigeration and cold-storage facilities,and insufficient cold-chain infrastructure.Furthermore,we propose a three-step technical route for the development of the technology and equipment:achieving high efficiency and standardization by 2025,informatization and intelligence by 2035,and intelligence and autonomation by 2050.