全球作物种业发展概况及对我国种业发展的战略思考

Overview of the Global Crop Seed Industry and Strategic Thinking on its Development in China

种业是农业的“芯片”,是国家战略性、基础性核心产业。随着国家“解决好种子和耕地问题”“有序推进生物育种产业化”“开展种源‘卡脖子’技术攻关”等指导性意见的出台和重点任务的部署,种业已成为推动我国农业跨越式发展的重要引擎。本文从种质资源保护与利用、生物育种技术发展、种子产业发展等方面概述了全球作物种业的发展现状,基于国际视角深入分析了我国种业存在的问题;在此基础上,从实施国家种质资源战略、夯实种业发展基础,实施种业科技创新战略、实现原始性创新的突破,全面构建中国特色种业体系、提升产业竞争力,实施种业强企战略、强化企业创新主体地位,推进监管制度现代化、确保技术优势转化为产业优势等方面总结了对我国作物种业发展的启示。相关研究对于全面了解全球作物种业发展概况,及时发现并解决我国种业存在的问题,进而制定我国种业发展战略,推进我国生物育种关键技术突破,前瞻性规划种业的产业布局具有参考意义。

The seed industry is a basic and core industry that is strategically important for a nation.Considering the national guidance opinions on fields such as seeds and cultivated land,industrialization of biological breeding,and development of core technologies for germplasm resources,the seed industry has become a driving force for the rapid development of China’s agriculture.In this study,we summarize the current status of the global crop seed industry from the aspects of germplasm resources protection and utilization,biological breeding technology development,seed industry development,etc.Moreover,we analyze the problems of China’s seed industry from an international perspective.To promote the development of the seed industry,China should implement a national germplasm resources strategy to consolidate the foundation of its seed industry;implement a scientific and technological innovation strategy in the seed industry to achieve breakthroughs in original innovation;construct a seed industry system with Chinese characteristics to enhance industrial competitiveness;promote the role of enterprises in technological innovation;and modernize the supervision system to improve industrial advantages.