我国智能建造关键领域技术发展的战略思考

Development of Key Domain-Relevant Technologies for Smart Construction in China

智能建造作为新一代信息技术和工程建造的有机融合,是实现我国建筑业高质量发展的重要依托。本文阐述了智能建造的基本概念与重要性,归纳了面向全产业链一体化的工程软件、面向智能工地的工程物联网、面向人机共融的智能化工程机械、面向智能决策的工程大数据等四类关键领域技术;通过问卷调研与专家访谈,分析了我国智能建造关键领域技术在市场环境、企业部署、核心资源储备等方面的现状和短板。在此基础上,明确了关键领域技术的发展目标,提出了建立健全标准体系、推动“产学研用”协同、加大知识产权保护、开展典型工程试点示范等重点任务,继而从管理机构、企业、高校等多个主体的角度形成对策建议。

Smart construction integrates new-generation information technology with construction and is important for the highquality development of China’s construction industry.This study expounds the basic concept and importance of smart construction and summarizes four types of key domain-relevant technologies:engineering software for entire industrial chain integration,construction Internet of things for smart construction sites,intelligent construction machinery for man–machine integration,and construction big data for intelligent decision making.Subsequently,we analyze the current status and weaknesses of these technologies in terms of market environment,enterprise deployment,and core resource reserves through questionnaire survey and expert interview.Moreover,we identify the development goals and propose the major tasks,including establishing and improving the standards system;promoting cooperation among industry,universities,research institutes,and application;improving intellectual property protection;and conducting pilot demonstration of typical projects.Furthermore,suggestions are proposed from the perspectives of government,enterprises,and universities.