超越巴斯德象限的基础研究动态演化模型及其实践内涵

Beyond Pasteur’s Quadrant Model:A New Dynamic Model of Basic Research and its Implementation

国家需求牵引的基础研究关系着我国源头创新能力和国际科技竞争力的提升,是颠覆性科技产生的重要驱动力,对我国创新型国家建设的重要性十分突出。为此,需要深入理解其内涵及基本发展规律,以更好引导基础研究的发展。本文回顾了布什科学研究线性模型的内涵、应用及其如何推广至巴斯德象限模型,在此基础上,考虑时间维度,引入基础度和应用度概念,提出由3个维度刻画的基础研究动态演化模型。为展示基础研究动态演化模型的适用性和优越性,以激光和强激光的发展为案例进行说明,阐述了国家需求牵引下基础研究、应用研究和技术开发之间的相互促进、螺旋上升的互动关系。基于本文模型描述的基础研究发展规律,针对需求牵引的基础研究,今后应更加强调学术诚信及可证伪性;要发挥基础研究对关键技术发展的方向性判定作用,并避免需求牵引引起的主观性诱导和误导。

Basic research inspired by national interest is critical for the promotion of China’s innovation capacity and global competitiveness in science and technology;it is also a major driving force for disruptive technologies.Therefore,the concept and development law of basic research inspired by national interest should be well studied to guide the development of basic research.In this study,we review the connotation and application of the linear model of innovation proposed by Vannevar Bush and the Pasteur’s quadrant model proposed by Donald Stokes.Based on these models,we introduce basicness and useness dimensions along with a time dimension and develop a new three-dimensional dynamic model of basic research.The development of intense lasers fits this new model well and clearly demonstrates the spiral upward interactions among basic research,applied research,and technology development inspired by national interest.On the basis of this new model of basic research development,we emphasize the importance of falsifiability and research integrity,and the decisive role of basic research on the key technologies.Besides,the subjective misguidance of researches inspired by national interest should be avoided.