汽车前防撞梁的耐撞性与轻量化优化设计

Crashworthiness and lightweight optimization design for vehicle front anti-collision beam

为改善汽车的耐撞性、提升汽车的轻量化程度,从结构改进的角度对汽车前防撞梁进行优化设计。建立汽车前防撞梁正面100%碰撞模型,以前防撞梁横梁和吸能盒厚度为设计变量,以碰撞力峰值作为约束条件,构建以前防撞梁总成吸能量最大化、质量最小化的多目标优化模型。采用哈默斯利法进行试验设计,通过拟合得到近似模型。近似模型与仿真值误差不高于5%。采用全局响应面法对多目标问题进行优化,得到Pareto最优解集。结果表明,优化后前防撞梁吸能量提高了15.8%,质量降低了6%,碰撞力峰值降低了20.3%,比吸能提高了23.1%。优化设计显著改善了汽车的耐撞性并提升了汽车的轻量化程度。

In order to improve the crashworthiness and lightweight of the vehicle,the front anti-collision beam was optimized from the perspective of structure improvement.A 100%frontal crash model of the front anti-collision beam was established.The thicknesses of the beam and the energy absorbing box were taken as the design variables.The peak value of the impact force was taken as the constraint condition.The experiment was designed by Hamersley method,the approximate model was obtained by fitting.The error between the approximate model and the simulation value was less than 5%.The global response surface method was used to optimize the multi-objective problem,the Pareto optimal solution sets were obtained.The results show that the energy absorption of the front anti-collision beam is increased by 15.8%,the mass is reduced by 6%,the peak impact force is reduced by 20.3%,the specific energy absorption is increased by 23.1%.The optimized design significantly improves the crashworthiness and the lightweight of the vehicle.