内置永磁体的盘式磁流变制动器结构优化设计及仿真分析

Structure optimal design and simulation analysis of disc-type magnetorheological brake with inner permanent magnet

为提高传统磁流变制动器制动性能及其安全性,提出一种内置永磁体的盘式磁流变制动器。阐述了内置永磁体的磁流变制动器工作原理,制动器在失电情况下,制动转矩在内置永磁体的作用下仍可维持一个安全值,一定程度上提高了制动器的防故障性能。对制动器磁路进行了分析,同时建立了制动转矩数学模型,利用ANSYS软件对其电磁场进行仿真。以制动器质量和制动转矩为优化目标,采用多目标遗传算法进行优化,得到Pareto最优解集,对其进行相关的赋权,得到制动器最优结构尺寸,对优化前及优化后的磁流变制动器进行对比,发现电流为1 A时,制动转矩由80 N·m增加到105 N·m,提升了31.3%;同时制动器质量由5.4 kg减少到4.8 kg,质量减轻了11%。

In order to improve brake performance of traditional Magnetorheological(MR)brake and increase its safety,a disctype MR brake with a inner permanent magnet was proposed.The working principle of MR brake with inner permanent magnet was described.When the MR brake is powered off,the brake torque can still maintain a safe value under the excitation of inner permanent magnet,which improves the brake’s anti-failure performance.The magnetic circuit of MR brake was analyzed and the mathematical model of brake torque was established.At the same time,the electromagnetic field was simulated by using ANSYS software.Taking brake mass and brake torque as the optimization objectives,multi-objective genetic algorithm was used to obtain Pareto optimal solution set,and relevant weights were given to get the optimal structure size of the MR brake.Comparative analysis before and after optimization was also carried out.The results show that the braking torque is increased from 80 N·m to 105 N·m with an increase of 31.3%when the applied current is 1 A,and the brake mass is reduced from 5.4 kg to 4.8 kg with a decrease of 11%.