论道德的制度影响机制——基于制度伦理的分析

The Influencing Mechanism Of Institution On Morality:Analysis Based on Institutional Ethics

从道德动机、道德行为到稳定的道德习惯养成的过程虽然复杂但有迹可循。从制度伦理的角度考虑,制度对道德的影响存在具体的机制。正义制度可以降低个人及社会道德成本,形成乐善好德的风气,使社会管理变得简易、有效且人性化。制度的正义价值强化重复行善的意愿,利于形成善的道德习惯;相反,制度的非正义强化行恶的动机,进而推动恶的行为定型化、习惯化。同时,制度文化的熏陶是无形的,道德习得离不开制度文化的熏陶。若制度沿着良性的轨迹发展,相应道德演变也处于良性的循环当中,形成合理的路径依赖,使人们在道德的利他中通向利己;但若制度演化形成反向的路径依赖,则易于陷入恶性循环的轨道。

The process from moral motivation,moral behavior to stable moral habits is complex but traceable.From the perspective of institutional ethics,there are specific mechanisms for the impact of institution on morality.Justice institution can reduce individual moral costs and social moral costs,leading to social management simplification,effectiveness and humanization,forming a good social atmosphere.The value of institutional justice would strengthen moral goodness and be helpful to form moral habits of goodness;On the contrary,the injustice of the institution would strengthen the evil of morality,leading to the increasingly stereotyped and habitual behavior of evil.The influence of institutional culture is invisible,and moral learning is inseparable from the influence of institutional culture.If the system of justice develops along the right track,moral evolution is also in a virtuous cycle,which can form a reasonable path dependence,so people would also benefit from moral altruism.However,if institutional evolution forms reverse path dependence,it is easy to fall into the vicious circle.