衰退地区灾后恢复中的灾害韧性构建:以日本宫城县气仙沼市为例

Building Disaster Resilience in the Post-disaster Recovery of Shrinking Areas:the Case of Kensennuma City,Miyagi Prefecture,Japan

构建灾害韧性已经成为城市应对自然灾害的重要指导思想和行动指南。灾后恢复不仅需要提升基础设施和建成环境的物理韧性,更需要秉承演进韧性的理念,通过激发多元主体的参与协作精神和创新学习能力以增强社会韧性储备。尤其,在人力和财力资源相对匮乏的衰退地区,需要以非常规的方式探索新的可持续发展路径,重建社会和人力资本,并善用外来力量增强当地的造血能力。本文以日本气仙沼市为例,回顾了该市在3-11地震海啸灾后恢复过程中的灾害韧性构建经验,从而为相似的衰退地区城市提供可借鉴的经验。

Building disaster resilience has been an impor-tant guiding principle for cities coping with natural disas-ters.Post-disaster recovery not only calls for enhancing physical resilience through investment in infrastructure and built environment,but also entails the improvement of so-cial resilience through multi-stakeholder collaboration and creative learning,under the guidance of the evolutionary resilience perspective.Particularly,in shrinking areas where human and financial resources run short,it is imperative to explore new sustainable development approaches in an innovative manner,rebuild social and human capitals for lo-cal communities,and make wise use of external support to“build blood”locally.This paper illustrates the experience of disaster resilience building in Kensennuma City,Japan,after the 3-11 Earthquake and Tsunami,in the hope of offer-ing suggestions for shrinking areas alike.