德国城市更新的基础原则与新兴职责

The Ground Rules and New Responsibilities in Germany’s Urban Renewal

德国城市更新,一直以来非常重视公私产权之间的红线,向私人建筑的每一寸推移,都必然意味着公共资源的投入。这构成了其精细化城市治理基本思路:以城市设计导则为底线管制,公共产权空间借助深度城市设计深度提升品质,私人产权则着重简化而精准的控制;最后,以公共参与作为公私利益协调平台。1990年之后的欧洲,在逐步解决基本旧城问题之后,正在向多元化、试验性、复合型的更新模型转化,形式上兼容小型新区开发;在职能上融合产业经济发展、韧性市政体系、城市结构调整,并由此成为西欧各种城市、各种地区的综合发展路径。

Urban renewal in Germany has always attached great importance to the red line between public and private property rights.Every inch of private construction inevita-bly means the investment of a series of public resources.Therefore,the basic principle of its refined governance is to use urban design guidelines as the bottom line of con-trol,public proper-ty use in-depth urban design to improve quality,and private property focus on simplified and precise control.Public participation is used as a platform for public-private interest coordination.After gradually solving the ba-sic old city problems since 1990,Europe is transforming to a diversified,experimental,integrated model;new districts appears as units,diversified goals,like economic develop-ment,resilient municipal systems,struc-tural adjustment,has since become a comprehensive development strategy for various cities and regions in Germany.