中国乡城移民创业——身份的创业效应

Entrepreneurship of Rural-to-urban Migrants in China:the Entrepreneurial Effect of Urban Identity

20世纪80年代中期以来,劳动力跨地区迁移为中国经济增长做出了突出贡献。本文运用2017流动人口动态监测调查数据,研究城市人身份认同对我国乡城移民创业行为选择的影响,研究发现:(1)“城市人”身份认同感每增加一个标准差,移民个体创业的概率就会随之提高约1.38%,在采用工具变量克服内生性后研究依然稳健;(2)“城市人”身份认同感对以实现就业为目的从事“自雇型”创业活动的个体影响显著,但对“老板型”创业活动并无显著影响;(3)“城市人”身份认同对移民创业选择具有扩大社会关系网络和减少地域歧视降低创业壁垒两个作用机制。这意味着未来在设计鼓励移民创业的政策时,应考虑从移民的内在行为动机进行引导。本研究增进了“身份认同”对于在城市移民中形成“大众创业”局面的理论和经验认识,为我国进一步推进新型城镇化建设提供了有益启示。

Since the mid-1980s,labor migration across regions has made outstanding contributions to China's economic growth.Based on the data of 2017 floating population dynamic monitoring survey,this paper studies the impact of urban identity on the entrepreneurial behavior choice of rural-to-urban migrants in China.The results show that:1.Every standard deviation of urban identity increases,the probability of individual entrepreneurship of migrants increases by about 1.38%.After using instrumental variables to overcome the endogeneity,the research is still robust;2.Urban identity has a significant impact on individuals who engage in self-employed entrepreneurial activities for the purpose of employment,but has no significant impact on the entrepreneurial activities of the employer or boss;3.the identity as"City people"has two mechanisms,expanding the social network and reducing the regional discrimination and entrepreneurial barriers.It means that the policies to encourage immigrants to start their own businesses should designed by considering the intrinsic behavior motivation of immigrants.This study enhances the theoretical and empirical understanding of urban identity as motivation of mass entrepreneurship among the urban migrants,and provides inspiration for the construction of new urbanization.