某街道印刷行业职业危害因素分析及防控策略

Analysis of Occupational Hazard Factors and Prevention and Control Strategy of A Street Printing Industry

为分析印刷行业的职业危害因素,本文选取2019-2020年深圳市某街道8家印刷企业,通过现场调研和质谱分析确定职业病危害因素的种类,对匹配度和响应值高的毒物进行定量分析,对物理有害因素进行现场检测,依据GBZ2.1-2007和GBZ2.2-2007进行结果评价。GC-MS检测结果显示,检出的化学毒物有正己烷、苯类、甲烷等。对质谱法检测的匹配度、响应值大的毒物、现场调研得到的毒物等给予定量研究,发现作业场所中的化学物质比较集中,常见的包括苯、甲苯、二甲苯等。其中,苯的超标率最高,为66.66%。另外,覆膜岗位超标率为60.00%,突破标准限值约7倍;印刷部门超标率为62.50%;在这一岗位中,一般化学物质多见甲苯与二甲苯,其超标率是12.50%。基于不同工作岗位的噪音检测下,能够得到8 h等效声级,超标率最严重的2个部门是:装订部与印刷部,其超标率分别是66.67%、30.77%。根据调查可知,该市纸质印刷企业应加强职业病危害因素的治理,建议变革工艺,使用环保印刷材料,设置机械送、排风系统,采用减振措施等对职业有害因素进行控制。加强个体防护及职业卫生管理,保护劳动者健康。

This paper analyzes the occupational hazard factors in a street printing industry and provide scientific basis for effectively controlling and managing occupational hazard measures in the industry.Selected 8 printing enterprises in a street in Shenzhen from January 2019 to December 2020,determined the types of occupational disease hazard factors through on-site research and mass spectrometrometology analysis,quantitatively analyzed toxic substances with high matching and response values,carried out on-site testing of physical harmful factors,and evaluated the results according to GBZ2.1-2007 and GBZ2.2-2007.GC-MS test results showed that the chemical poisons detected were positive hexane,benzene,methane and so on.The use of mass spectrometrometrical detection of matching,response value of large poisons,toxics obtained from on-site research to give quantitative research,and finally found that:the chemical substances in the workplace are relatively concentrated,and common ones include benzene,toluene,and xylene.Among them,the over-standard rate of benzene has increased significantly,which is 66.66%.In addition,the mulrum post exceeding the standard rate is 60.00%,has far exceeded the standard limit of about 7 times;The over-standard rate in the printing sector is 62.50%;In this position,the general chemical substances are most common toluene and xylene,the rate of excess is 12.50%.According to the noise detection of different jobs,8 h equivalent sound level can be obtained,the two departments with the highest exceeding rate are:binding department and printing department,which exceed the standard rate of 66.67 percent and 30.77 percent,respectively.According to the survey,the city's paper printing enterprises in the city should strengthen the management of occupational disease hazard factors,propose to change the process,use environmentally friendly printing materials,set up mechanical delivery and exhaust system,and use vibration-reducing measures to control occupational harmful factors.Strengthen individual protection and occupational health management to protect the health of workers.