如何看待代孕技术对社会伦理的冲击——女性主义的多维视角及其历史唯物主义辨析

How to Understand the Impacts of Surrogacy Technology on Social Ethics——An Analysis from the Feminist Multidimensional Perspective and the Historical Materialist Perspective

明星代孕事件的曝光将代孕行为推向大众视野,也暴露了代孕技术带来的社会伦理问题。从女性主义的不同视角展现这种伦理冲击,可以带来不同的伦理立场。从自由女性主义、激进女性主义以及身体女性主义、后现代女性主义的理论视角出发,代孕技术在理论上可以帮助女性实现身体的自由权、颠覆传统母职、丰富新型伦理关系、甚至挑战传统性别差异伦理。而从当代马克思主义女性主义的视角出发,胎儿不是简单的产品,女性的子宫也不是道德中立的容器,就代孕技术在当下的运用来说,在资本市场和父权的语境中,人的身体被客体化和工具化了,这给现实社会关系带来多重的伦理道德危害。对此,应该运用唯物史观,从现实的人和社会关系出发,更辩证、理性地看待代孕,超越资本的物化逻辑,禁止当下的商业代孕行为,实现以人为本的根本目的。

Celebrity surrogacy has not only exposed the act of surrogacy to the public attention,but also exposed the ethical problems brought by surrogacy technology.In this regard,this paper aims to analyze the impacts of surrogacy technology on social ethics from the feminist multidimensional perspective.The analysis shows that surrogacy technology will theoretically shape a new type of ethical and political relations,while surrogacy behavior at the current stage of social development will bring multiple ethical and moral hazards to real social relations.In order to realize people-oriented ideal,historical materialism should be adopted to view surrogacy behavior more dialectically and rationally,and the government should prohibit the present commercial surrogacy in China.