高校科研诚信治理:主体嵌入、多维致因与多元共治

Research Integrity Governance in Colleges and Universities:Subject Embeddedness,Multidimensional Causes and Multi Governance

科研诚信作为学术的核心价值与伦理原则,对促进科技的健康发展、维护我国国际学术形象都有着重要的意义。科研人员作为社会行动者嵌入在一定的制度结构与情境中,多元主体、规则、要素形塑了研究者负责任的行为。以Z大学为例研究发现,当前高校的科研诚信形势总体堪忧,各种学术不端行为不同程度存在。究其原因,在促进因素上,科研评价体系过于量化与物化,奖励制度与科学规范相冲突;在控制因素上,科研诚信规范执行不力,监督体系不健全,科学控制系统失控;在主体因素上,科研人员自律意识不强,对相关政策法规认知度不高,科学自治系统失灵。因此,要基于研究者情境嵌入特点,依循利益相关者责任共担原则,从多元共治角度出发,在治理主体上,构建政府、高校、社团等多元主体协同共治机制;在治理单元上,构建教育、监督、查处、立法等联动治理机制;在治理手段上,构建自治、法治、德治为一体的系统治理机制。

As the core value and ethical principle of academic research,research integrity plays an important role in promoting the healthy development of science and technology and maintaining China’s international academic image.Researchers,as social actors,are embedded in a certain institutional structure and situation.Multiple subjects,rules and elements shape the responsible behavior of researchers.Taking Z University as an example,it is found that the current situation of academic integrity in universities is generally depressing,and various academic misconducts exist to varying degrees.This is caused by the following factors:in terms of promoting factors,academic evaluation system is too quantitative and materialized,which leads to conflicts between reward system and science norms;in terms of controlling factors,academic integrity standards are not effectively implemented,and the supervision system is not perfect,which leads to the failure of science control system;in terms of subject factors,researchers have weak self-discipline awareness,and lay little emphasis on relevant policies and regulations,which leads to the malfunction of science autonomy system.Therefore,it is essential to follow the principle of shared responsibility among stakeholders based on the embeddedness of researchers and solve the problems from the perspective of multiple co-governance:firstly,in terms of governance subjects,we should establish a cooperative co-governance mechanism among the government,universities,science and technology associations and other multiple subjects;secondly,in terms of governance unit,we are expected to construct a linkage governance mechanism involving education,supervision,investigation and legislation;thirdly,in terms of governance methods,we should build a systematic governance mechanism integrating autonomy,rule of law and rule of virtue.