基于社会效益的乡村幼儿园设计策略研究--以雅安地区援建项目为例

Design Strategy for Rural Kindergartens Based on Social Benefits:A Case Study of Aid Projects in Ya'an

揭示当前乡村幼儿园设计在儿童健康发展及乡村整体文化振兴中的社会价值,为乡村学前教育质量的提升提供一系列可供参考的设计策略及方法。对雅安地区10所援建项目进行分析对比及文献寻证。总结影响乡村学前教育发展及幼儿园运营的社会问题,剖析乡村幼儿园在可持续运营、土地集约利用、乡村教育扶持三个方面社会效益的设计实现模式。乡村幼儿园设计应以社会效益为指引,立足儿童健康发展教育观,利用乡村自然文化资源,以游戏体验与文化感知空间为媒介,融入可持续发展理念,形成系统化的设计策略,助推乡村教育发展。

Developing education is the priority strategy in rural revitalisation.While the rural kindergarten design is confronted with complex social and educational situations,it has unique natural and cultural resources lacking in cities.Therefore,the particularity of the rural kindergarten design is unignorable.The current study focuses on the rural kindergarten design under rural social and educational conditions in light of children's educational and life demands in their developmental process.This study explores the kindergarten design strategies and methods under the peculiar difficulties and constraints of rural areas to assist in improving the overall quality of life of villagers and the sustainable development of villages in the long term.Findings reveal the social values of the rural kindergarten design in childhood health development and overall rural cultural revitalisation.References and suggestions are provided for constructing rural preschool educational infrastructures and rural constructions in China.Ten aided kindergarten projects in the Ya'an area were taken as case studies.The results of the preliminary study and post-occupancy evaluation of the projects were sorted,and the process of the projects was rethought,including the design,construction,and operation.This study focused on analysing social issues affecting the development of rural preschool education and operation of kindergarten and translating them into corresponding design problems in architecture.The potential social benefits obtained from the rural kindergartens were summed,and the design strategies of rural kindergartens in each architectural design procedure were proposed.Results revealed that the social problems affecting rural preschool education and the operation of kindergartens in China are mainly the complex characteristics of rural population composition and life patterns,land use restrictions caused by rural land acquisition difficulties,and educational backwardness.The principles of design strategies addressing the three social problems above were summarised as follows.First,in response to the complex demographic changes and life patterns in the countryside,the design of rural kindergartens must seek coping strategies with a perspective of overall benign development.It must also improve the adaptability of buildings to promote the sustainable operation of kindergartens.Second,in response to the problem of the land construction shortage caused by the difficulty of rural land acquisition,it is necessary to seek countermeasures under the view of multi-party balance,promoting the intensive use of rural land while realising the design concept of education.Third,in response to the backward education model in rural areas,kindergarten designers should take advantage of the resources,such as rich rural nature,traditional games,and local folk culture.These should create conditions for the introduction of advanced educational concepts in the countryside and strengthen the cultivation of a hometown complex by planning and designing the place,space,and environment to assist the development of rural preschool education.In line with the design strategy principles above,specific design strategies were developed for architectural programming,architectural design,site design,and design standards establishment of rural kindergartens.The effective design methods and issues of concern from the aided projects were also listed.In summary,guided by social benefits,the design of rural kindergartens should rely on the educational theory of child health development and make full use of rural,natural and cultural resources.The game experience and cultural perception space should function as media.The concept of sustainable development should be incorporated into the design,forming a systematic strategy to support developing rural education.