细胞外囊泡在Barrett食管及食管腺癌诊断和发病中的研究进展

Research progress of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and pathogenesis of Barrett esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma

近年来我国食管腺癌(EAC)的发病率呈升高趋势,Barrett食管(BE)患者是患EAC风险最高的人群。EAC的主要临床症状是进行性吞咽困难,早期症状不明显,较多患者发现并诊断时病情已进展为晚期,因此EAC预后普遍较差,对其早期筛查、预防及治疗必不可少。细胞外囊泡(EVs)内富含来源于亲代细胞的蛋白质、核酸、脂质等物质,由于这些物质可随亲代细胞的病理生理状态改变发生相应变化,因此EVs可应用于疾病的早期诊断。笔者对目前有关EVs作为诊断生物标志物的研究报道进行回顾,总结其在BE和EAC疾病进展过程中的作用,以对该疾病的实验研究和临床实践提供一定的帮助。

In recent years,the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma(EAC)is increasing in China,and Barrett esophagus(BE)is the highest risk group for EAC.The main clinical symptom of EAC is progressive dysphagia,the early symptoms are not obvious,and the disease has progressed to advanced stage when most patients are found and diagnosed.Therefore,the prognosis of EAC is generally poor,and early screening,prevention and treatment are still essential.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are rich in proteins,nucleic acids,lipids and other substances derived from parental cells.EVs can be used in the early diagnosis of diseases since the contents of EVs have been shown to provide useful insights into cellular transformation and pro-oncogenic processes.This paper reviews current research reports on EVs as a diagnostic biomarker,and summarizes its role in the progression of BE and EAC,in order to provide some help for experimental research and clinical practice of these diseases.