居家养老家庭照顾者心理健康分析及对策思考

Analysis and countermeasures of the status of mental health status of the family old people caregiver

目的了解居家养老家庭照顾者心理健康状况,探讨其影响因素及应对策略思考。方法采用横断面调查研究设计,于2020年2月从长沙市6个社区中选取400例居家养老家庭照顾者作为调查对象,采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对其心理健康状况进行调查。SCL-90量表共有10个分量表,累计90个题目,将其各分量表得分与国内常模进行比较。用单因素方差分析、独立样本t检验、秩和检验,多元线性回归分析,分析居家养老家庭照顾者心理健康状况的影响因素。结果居家养老家庭照顾者的SCL-90平均分与国内常模比较,差异无统计学意义。恐怖因子得分显著低于常模得分(P<0.01),人际关系、抑郁、敌对和偏执因子得分均显著高于常模得分(P<0.01)。照顾者的健康状态以及老年人生活自理情况是影响居家养老家庭照顾者心理健康的2个重要因素。结论居家养老家庭照顾者的心理问题不容忽视,应积极采取措施,改善其心理健康问题。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of the home-based elderly caregivers and explore the influencing factors and coping strategies.Method A cross-sectional survey design was adopted to investigate the mental health status of 400 home-based caregivers from 6 communities in Changsha city in February 2020.The Self-reporting inventory(SCL-90)was used to investigate their mental health status.SCL-90 scale consists of 10 subscales with 90 questions in total.The scores of each subscale are compared with the domestic norm.The factors influencing the mental health status of home-based care givers were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance,independent sample t test,rank sum test and multiple linear regression analysis.Result The average score of SCL-90 was not statistically significant compared with the domestic norm.The scores of fear factor were significantly lower than the norm score(P<0.01),and the scores of interpersonal relationship,depression,hostility and paranoia were significantly higher than the norm score(P<0.01).The health status of caregivers and the self-care status of the elderly were two important factors affecting the mental health of home-based caregivers.Conclusion Psychological problems of the family caregivers should not be ignored,and measures should be taken to improve their mental health problems.