行权:儒家执经的最高境界——公羊学视野中“权”的字源考辨与意义阐发

Exercise of Quan:the Highest Extent Reached of Regularity of Confucianism——The Etymological Investigation and Meaning Elucidation of“Quan”under the Perspective of Gongyang Studies

对“权”字的研究,以往学者只注意到称、锤、变、反经等涵义,而其黄华木或黄英木本意很少引起重视。以字源考辨与义理诠释为基础更能澄清权与其引申义之间的内在关系,揭示“权”字如何从木属植物引申出称锤、反经之意,进而扩大“权”之义界。公羊学语境中的权并非无底线地变,而是儒家坚守“衡量”本分的道德主张。权虽反经,但却不离善、道、仁、义,甚至本质上就没有背叛过经。行权比执经困难、复杂、危险得多,需辅以高度的理性考量和事态审视,非常人所能为之。

In the study of Quan,scholars often see the meanings of“balance”,“weighing hammer”,“change”and“violation of regularity”,while the woody meaning of“piptanthus concolour Harrow”is seldom paid attention to.Based on the textual research of the word origin and the interpretation of the meaning,we can clarify the internal relationship between Quan and its extended meaning,and reveal how Quan can extend other deeper meanings from woody plants.In the context of Gongyang School,Flexibility does not change without a bottom line,It is the Confucian moral idea of sticking to the duty of“weighing”.Even though Quan is against the rules,it is not separated from goodness,Dao,benevolence,righteousness,and even has never betrayed Jing in essence.Quan is much more difficult than to carry out Regularity.It needs to be supplemented by a high degree of rational consideration and examination of the situation.