探寻华夏文化之根——周公历史记忆的媒介生成路径考

Tracing Back to the Root of Chinese Culture-Study on the Ways for the Creation of Mediums about Historical Memory of“Zhou Gong”

自西周以来,周公历史记忆在不同时期、不同书写媒介下,依附不同的价值判断与制作逻辑,记忆的重心多有不同:青铜铭文的简练、平实书写,提供了周公“克奔走上下,帝无终令于有周”的原初记忆;先秦与秦汉史籍对原初记忆全面接续的同时,还多有对周公“巫”性与“制礼作乐”的复写,这其实是以或隐或显的两种方式表明周公行王政之实;先秦子集截取周公“史迹”的不同面向重构周公记忆,书写路径虽有差异却多转向以才、德为宗的圣性深描;后世典籍进一步拔高周公形象,尤其在宋代典籍中出现了以“梦周公”为思想进阶符号的倾向。本文试图以记忆的媒介为中心,审察周公历史记忆在不同时期、不同书写媒介下的衍变,并以此把握历史记忆与书写媒介之间的关系。

Since the dynisty of western zhou,in different periods,different writings and medias,when attached to different value judgments and logics,the emphasis of historic memories about Zhou Gong greatly shifted.Bronze inscriptions,concise and simple,provide the original memories about his hard labor for ease of tension between the superiors and inferiors.While continuing the original memories in an all-round way,historical records before and during Qin and Han Dynasty performed a lot of rewritings on the comment on Zhou Gong as“witch”and“originator of‘ritual and music’”.Actually in these two ways,namely explicitly and implicitly,these historical records verified the truth that Zhou Gong performed his duties as a“king”.Employing different fragments of Zhou Gong’s historical records,Ziji,literary writings in pre-qin period,reconstructed his memory.Different though the writing style was,this Ziji turned to exploration into his holiness from the perspective of talent and morality.Later historical records,especially those in Song Dynasty,further polished his image.In them,the tendency was that the“Dream Zhougong”was adopted as upgraded sign of idea.Attempting to center on the media in memory,this papar evaluates the changes of historical memories in different era and in different writing medias,in order to grasp the relation between historical memory and writing medias.