犯罪学视角下的矫正社会工作专业性和有效性分析

Professional and Effective Analysis of Correctional SocialWork from the Perspective of Criminology

当前我国矫正社会工作教育主要采取福利服务模式,且面临专业性和有效性的考问。西方犯罪学不同流派提出了不同的预防犯罪策略。实证学派之后矫正恢复成为主流,矫正社会工作由此得以蓬勃发展。然而,20世纪70年代中期后矫正社会工作的有效性受到空前质疑,由此兴起的反矫正运动导致矫正社工发展严重受挫。20世纪90年代起北美循证矫正运动开始全面量化检验影响犯罪和再犯的因素,得出了若干核心原则和因素。我国矫正社会工作福利服务模式集中体现在上海模式上,但最终被迫与刑事司法进行融合。我国本土性循证矫正得出,有效矫正应建立在实证知识和实践性知识与策略的结合上,这需要社会工作同犯罪学、法学和地方性知识的深度融合。

At present,in the correction social work in China the welfare mode is mainly adopted,which now faces the examination of professionalism and effectiveness.Different schools of western criminology put forward different crime prevention strategies.After the positivist school,rehabilitation became the mainstream,and correction social work thus developed vigorously.However,from the mid-1970s,the effectiveness of correctional social work was questioned unprecedentedly,and the anti-correctional movement led to a serious setback of correctional social work.From the 1990s,the Evidence-Based Correction Movement in North America began to comprehensively and quantitatively verify the factors affecting crime and recidivism,and drew a number of core principles and factors.The welfare model of correctional social work in China is mainly embodied in Shanghai model,but it is forced to be finally integrated with criminal justice.It is concluded that effective correction should be based on the combination of empirical knowledge,practical knowledge and wisdom,which requires the deep integration of social work with criminology,law and local knowledge.