烤烟控水节肥育苗措施对水肥利用和烟苗素质的影响

Effects of Water Control and Fertilizer Saving Methods on Water and Fertilizer Utilization and Flue-cured Tobacco Seedling Quality

为探明有利于减少水肥投入和降低养分残留的烤烟育苗方法,在烤烟育苗环节以常规水肥管理(CM)为对照,设置了控水节肥模式一(OM1)和控水节肥模式二(OM2)两种控水节肥育苗措施,考察了两个试验点不同控水节肥措施下的水肥利用、肥料残留和烟苗生长状况。结果表明,与常规对照(CM)相比,控水节肥(OM)处理下烟株出苗率、茎高、全株生物量及水分利用效率均无显著差异(P>0.05),试验点一和试验点二氮、磷、钾养分残留量分别平均减少52.7%和58.9%、47.8%和60.2%、45.1%和61.5%;与控水节肥模式一(OM1)相比,控水节肥模式二(OM2)耗水量和水分利用效率无显著差异(P>0.05),试验点一和试验点二氮、磷、钾肥残留量分别减少48.6%和28.1%,42.9%和37.7%,36.3%和41.1%,烟苗茎围分别增加了1.8%和27.0%。控水节肥模式二(控制维持水层深度8 cm和初始氮素浓度50 mg/kg)能够在保障烟苗移栽素质的前提下,减少育苗氮肥投入47.7%,降低苗池水体氮、磷、钾养分残留量,是一种值得推荐的绿色高效育苗水肥管理措施。

In order to find out the methods of flue-cured tobacco seedling raising which are beneficial to reduce water and fertilizer input and reduce nutrient residue,two water-control and fertilizer-saving seedling raising measures,namely water control and fertilizer saving mode I(OM1)and water control and fertilizer saving mode II(OM2),were set in the flue-cured tobacco seedling raising process with conventional water and fertilizer management(CM)as the control.Water and fertilizer utilization,fertilizer residue and tobacco seedling growth were investigated under different water control and fertilizer saving measures.The results showed that compared with CM,there were no significant differences(P>0.05)in seedling emergence rate,stem height,whole plant biomass and water use efficiency under OM.The nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrient residues at test site 1 and test site 2 were reduced by 52.7%and 58.9%,47.8%and 60.2%,45.1%and 61.5%,respectively.Compared with OM1,the water consumption and water use efficiency of OM2 had no significant difference(P>0.05).The residues of N,P and K at test site 1 and test site 2 were reduced by 48.6%and 28.1%,42.9%and 37.7%,36.3%and 41.1%,respectively,and the stem circumference of tobacco seedlings was increased by 1.8%and 27.0%,respectively.OM2(control and maintain water layer depth of 8 cm and initial nitrogen concentration of 50 mg/kg)could reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer for seedling raising by 47.7%and the residual nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in the water of the seedling pool under the premise of guaranteeing the transplanting quality of tobacco seedlings.So it is a kind of recommended green and efficient water and fertilizer management measure for seedling breeding.