食品标识的监管与制度组合

Integrated Strategy for Food Labeling Regulation

监管者通过强制性标识来保障食品安全、保护公众健康。这体现在:一方面,随着监管优化,监管部门借用标识工具实现的监管目标日益多样化,尤其是标识对于正外部性行为的支持作用。另一方面,消费者通过政治参与发起的维权运动强化了政府对于食品安全的趋严监管并不断驱动生产经营者完善合规管理。与此同时,消费者与日俱增的购买能力提升也使得生产经营者主动通过私营标签等方式回应多样化的消费需求。鉴于此,我国食品标识立法的与时俱进性应考虑日益凸显的市场作用和行业自我监管,并结合团体标准、第三方检测等监管工具发挥标识在食品标准化和差异化发展中的多元作用。

Mandatory labeling is a regulatory tool to ensure food safety and public health.For one thing,the regulatory purposes achieved by labeling regulation have been diversified,in particular the support role of labeling for positive externalities.For another,governments increasingly reinforce food safety regulation under the pressure of consumer rights advocacy resulted from consumers’political participation,which enables food business operators to improve regulatory compliance.Meanwhile,the increase in consumer purchasing power has also encouraged food business operators to use private labels to respond to increasingly diverse consumer demands.In view of this,legislation on food labeling in China should take account of the role of market and industry self-regulation,and enable food labeling to play a role in promoting food standards and diversity together with other regulatory tools such as private group standards and third-party testing.