积极老龄化视域下四川省老年人心理健康状况、影响因素及对策研究

Study on mental health status,influencing factors and countermeasure of the elderly in Sichuan Province from perspective of active aging

目的调查四川省老年人心理健康状况,分析其影响因素,在积极老龄化视域下为改善老年人心理健康状况提供依据和对策。方法 2019年3—8月对四川省658名老年人采用自行设计一般情况问卷和老年人心理健康自评工具开展调查。结果老年人心理健康总分为48.76±7.31,调查对象中有444名老人(67.5%)存在轻度及以上的心理问题,其中300名老人(45.6%)存在轻度心理问题,144名老人(21.9%)存在中度心理问题。多元回归分析结果显示,养老模式、年龄、文化程度、原职业和个人经济保障均是老年人心理健康状况的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论四川省老年人的心理健康状况不容乐观,受养老模式、年龄、文化程度及职业和经济保障等多种因素的影响。应提高对老年人心理健康的重视程度,尤其是社区居家养老、高年龄段、低文化程度、职业为体力劳动者及低收入的老年人作为心理健康干预的重点对象,在积极老龄化视域下给予有效的心理咨询和心理疏导,发挥其巨大潜能,改善心理健康状况,从而实现老有所乐。

Objective To investigate the mental health status of the elderly in Sichuan Province,analyze its influencing factors,and provide references and countermeasures for improving the mental health status of the elderly from the perspective of active aging.Methods From March to August in 2019,658 old people in Sichuan Province were investigated with self-designed general situation questionnaire and the elderly mental health self-assessment tools. Results The total score of mental health of the elderly was 48.76±7.31,444(67.5%) elderly people of the respondents had a mild mental health problem or above. Among them,300(45.6%) cases had mild mental health problems,144(21.9%) cases had moderate mental health problems. Multiple regression analysis showed that the pension model,age,cultural degree,occupation and economic security were important influencing factors of the mental health status of the elderly(all P<0.05). Conclusion The mental health status of the elderly in Sichuan Province is not optimistic,and it is influenced by pension model,age,cultural degree,occupation and economic security,and other factors. It is necessary to improve the importance of mental health of the elderly,especially the take the elderly who are in community home care,high age,low educational level,manual labor and low income as the key objects of psychological health intervention,give the effective psychological counseling from the perspective of active aging,help them adapt to the society and give full play to its great potential,improve their mental health status,so as to realize the happiness of old age.