有机无机氮肥配施与地膜互作对旱地胡麻水分利用、籽粒产量的影响

Effects of Combined Application of Organic-Inorganic Nitrogen Fertilizer and Film Mulching on Water Use and Grain Yield of Dryland Flax

为改善土壤肥力状况和提高胡麻产量,通过2年的田间定位试验,研究了氮肥和地膜(普通地膜、可生物降解地膜)互作对胡麻水分利用效率和籽粒产量的影响。结果表明:在覆膜处理下,有机无机氮肥配施和单施无机氮肥处理的胡麻平均产量比不施氮肥处理的提高20%以上,单株蒴果数和单果籽粒数提高20%左右,但有机无机氮肥配施对胡麻的促生作用显著;施用氮肥延长了籽粒灌浆时间,提高了籽粒产量,但对千粒质量没有显著影响;不同覆膜处理的胡麻生育期均比露地处理的短,覆膜可提高胡麻现蕾期0~80 cm土层土壤的含水量;可生物降解地膜与普通地膜的作用效果相当,用可生物降解地膜代替普通地膜,既能保证作物产量,又能减轻环境污染。

In order to improve the soil fertility and increase the yield of flax,through a two-year field experiment,the effects of nitrogen fertilizer and plastic film(normal plastic film,biodegradable plastic film)on water use efficiency and grain yield of flax is studied.The results show that under the film mulching treatment,the average yield of flax in the combined application of organic-inorganic nitrogen fertilizer and single application of inorganic nitrogen fertilizer is increased by more than 20%compared with the treatment without nitrogen fertilizer.The number of capsules per plant and the number of grains per fruit are increased by about 20%.The combined application of organic-inorganic nitrogen fertilizer has a significant effect on promoting the growth of flax.The application of nitrogen fertilizer prolongs the grain filling time and increases the grain yield,but has no significant effect on the thousand-grain weight.The growth period of flax in different film mulching treatments is shorter than that in the open field treatment and the film mulching can increase the soil moisture content of the 0~80 cm soil layer during the budding stage of flax.Biodegradable mulching film has the same effect as ordinary mulching film.Using biodegradable mulching film instead of ordinary mulching film can not only ensure crop yield,but also reduce environmental pollution.